| דָּבָר |
davar |
thing, matter, word |
Very broad: can mean “object,” “matter,” or “word/speech” (esp. biblical). |
דבר חשוב – an important matter. |
| עִנְיָין |
inyan |
issue, matter, subject |
Abstract “thing,” often concern, topic, or affair. |
עניין אישי – a personal issue. |
| נוֹשֵׂא |
nose |
subject, topic |
Formal, used in academic, bureaucratic, or research contexts. |
נושא המחקר – the subject of the research. |
| סוּגְיָה |
sugya |
issue, topic, problem |
Formal/academic, rooted in Talmudic usage. |
סוגיה מורכבת – a complex issue. |
| מוּשָׂג |
musag |
concept, notion |
Abstract idea, often academic or theoretical. |
מושג פילוסופי – a philosophical concept. |
| מַחְשָׁבָה |
machshava |
thought, idea |
Abstract mental matter, reflection. |
מחשבה עמוקה – a deep thought. |
| רַעְייוֹן |
ra’ayon |
idea, concept |
General idea, plan, or concept. |
רעיון חדש – a new idea. |
| שְׁאֵלָה |
she’ela |
question, issue |
Literal question or figurative issue to be solved. |
שאלה משפטית – a legal issue. |
| בְּעָיָה |
be’aya |
problem, difficulty |
Standard everyday word for a problem (practical or abstract). |
בעיה חברתית – a social problem. |